How is a Thyroid Biopsy (FNAB) Performed?

A thyroid biopsy, also known as a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed in seconds by experienced interventional radiologists. After the thyroid area in the neck is numbed with local anesthesia, a thin needle is inserted painlessly into the desired location within the thyroid gland under ultrasound guidance. Cell samples are collected from different areas of the nodule within the thyroid gland with the needle, spread on slides, and sent to the pathology laboratory.

In cases where the FNAB is inconclusive or the pathologist remains uncertain, a repeat FNAB or a tru-cut biopsy may be performed. Because the crucial carotid arteries are located in the immediate vicinity of the thyroid gland, a FNAB requires a bit more care. It must be performed by experienced interventional radiologists. Furthermore, the use of short-pulse, thick needles specifically designed for this area is crucial for the safety of the procedure.

Ultimately, you, the patient, don't need to prepare for either biopsy. Simply lie on your back as instructed by your physician and refrain from swallowing during the biopsy. Consulting an experienced interventional radiologist is crucial for a smooth thyroid biopsy.